- Brainwave Entrainment Devices
- Brainwave Entrainment Programs
- Brainwave Entrainment Mac Software With Background Message Free
- Audio Brainwave Entrainment
(Redirected from Brainwave synchronization)
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization[1] and neural entrainment, refers to the hypothesized capacity of the brain to naturally synchronize its brainwave frequencies with the rhythm of periodic external stimuli, most commonly auditory, visual, or tactile.
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization and neural entrainment, refers to the hypothesized capacity of the brain to naturally synchronize its brainwave frequencies with the rhythm of periodic external stimuli, most commonly auditory, visual, or tactile. It is believed that patterns of neural firing, measured in Hz, correspond with states of alertness such as.
It is believed that patterns of neural firing, measured in Hz, correspond with states of alertness such as focused attention, deep sleep, etc.[2] It is hypothesized that by listening to these beats of certain frequencies one can induce a desired state of consciousness that corresponds with specific neural activity, such as studying, sleeping, exercising, meditating, doing creative work, and so on.[citation needed]
Neural oscillation and electroencephalography (EEG)[edit]
- Will brainwave entrainment work for You? The entrainment process has been scientifically proven to naturally synchronize your brainwaves to the embedded carrier frequencies. As long as you can hear, it will work for you too! Dreamer, mind, brain, awareness, tapes, CD, CDs, audio, mind machine software.
- BrainwaveX is a research and a production organization which develops, designs and supports a wide range of amazing brainwave therapies. Through years of working in sound, light and healing, we made great efforts in research of brainwaves technology to find the universal frequencies which will assist in all aspects of enhancement and healing process.
- A Run Down of The Best Brainwave Entrainment Software 2017 Not all binaural beats and isochronic tones are made equal, and with all the choice out there it can be hard to pick so here is a run down of the 5 best brain entrainment software in 2017.
Neural oscillations are rhythmic or repetitive electrochemical activity in the brain and central nervous system. Such oscillations can be characterized by their frequency, amplitude and phase. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity driven by mechanisms within individual neurons, as well as by interactions between them. They may also adjust frequency to synchronize with the periodic vibration of external acoustic or visualstimuli.[3]
The activity of neurons generate electric currents; and the synchronous action of neural ensembles in the cerebral cortex, comprising large numbers of neurons, produce macroscopic oscillations. These phenomena can be monitored and graphically documented by an electroencephalogram (EEG). The electroencephalographic representations of those oscillations are typically denoted by the term 'brainwaves' in common parlance.[4][5]
The technique of recording neural electrical activity within the brain from electrochemical readings taken from the scalp originated with the experiments of Richard Caton in 1875, whose findings were developed into electroencephalography (EEG) by Hans Berger in the late 1920s.
Neural oscillation and cognitive functions[edit]
The functional role of neural oscillations is still not fully understood;[6] however they have been shown to correlate with emotional responses, motor control, and a number of cognitive functions including information transfer, perception, and memory.[7][8][9] Specifically, neural oscillations, in particular theta activity, are extensively linked to memory function, and coupling between theta and gamma activity is considered to be vital for memory functions, including episodic memory.[10][11][12]
Entrainment[edit]
Meaning and origin of the term 'entrainment'[edit]
Entrainment is a term originally derived from complex systems theory, and denotes the way that two or more independent, autonomous oscillators with differing rhythms or frequencies, when situated in a context and at a proximity where they can interact for long enough, influence each other mutually, to a degree dependent on coupling force, such that they adjust until both oscillate with the same frequency.Examples include the mechanical entrainment or cyclic synchronization of two electric clothes dryers placed in close proximity, and the biological entrainment evident in the synchronized illumination of fireflies.[13]
Entrainment is a concept first identified by the DutchphysicistChristiaan Huygens in 1665 who discovered the phenomenon during an experiment with pendulum clocks: He set them each in motion and found that when he returned the next day, the sway of their pendulums had all synchronized.[14]
Such entrainment occurs because small amounts of energy are transferred between the two systems when they are out of phase in such a way as to produce negative feedback. As they assume a more stable phase relationship, the amount of energy gradually reduces to zero, with systems of greater frequency slowing down, and the other speeding up.[15]
Subsequently, the term 'entrainment' has been used to describe a shared tendency of many physical and biological systems to synchronize their periodicity and rhythm through interaction. This tendency has been identified as specifically pertinent to the study of sound and music generally, and acoustic rhythms specifically. The most ubiquitous and familiar examples of neuromotor entrainment to acoustic stimuli is observable in spontaneous foot or finger tapping to the rhythmic beat of a song.
Brainwave entrainment[edit]
Brainwaves, or neural oscillations, share the fundamental constituents with acoustic and opticalwaves, including frequency, amplitude and periodicity. Consequently, Huygens' discovery precipitated inquiry[citation needed] into whether or not the synchronouselectrical activity of corticalneural ensembles might not only alter in response to external acoustic or opticalstimuli but also entrain or synchronize their frequency to that of a specific stimulus.[16][17][18][19]
Brainwave entrainment is a colloquialism for such 'neural entrainment', which is a term used to denote the way in which the aggregate frequency of oscillations produced by the synchronous electrical activity in ensembles of cortical neurons can adjust to synchronize with the periodic vibration of an external stimuli, such as a sustained acoustic frequency perceived as pitch, a regularly repeating pattern of intermittent sounds, perceived as rhythm, or of a regularly rhythmically intermittent flashing light.
Brainwave Entrainment Devices
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Fredricks, R. (2008). Healing and Wholeness: Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Mental Health. All Things Well Publications/AuthorHouse. p. 120. ISBN978-1-4343-8336-5. Retrieved April 5, 2017. and
- ^Cantor, David S.; Evans, James R. (2013-10-18). Clinical Neurotherapy: Application of Techniques for Treatment. Academic Press. ISBN9780123972910.
- ^Niedermeyer E. and da Silva F.L., Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
- ^da Silva FL (1991). 'Neural mechanisms underlying brain waves: from neural membranes to networks'. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 79 (2): 81–93. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90044-5. PMID1713832.
- ^Cooper R, Winter A, Crow H, Walter WG (1965). 'Comparison of subcortical, cortical, and scalp activity using chronically indwelling electrodes in man'. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 18 (3): 217–230. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(65)90088-x. PMID14255050.
- ^Llinas, R. R. (2014). 'Intrinsic electrical properties of mammalian neurons and CNS function: a historical perspective'. Front Cell Neurosci. 8: 320. doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00320. PMC4219458. PMID25408634.
- ^Fries P (2005). 'A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence'. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 9 (10): 474–480. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.011. PMID16150631.
- ^Fell J, Axmacher N (2011). 'The role of phase synchronization in memory processes'. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 12 (2): 105–118. doi:10.1038/nrn2979. PMID21248789.
- ^Schnitzler A, Gross J (2005). 'Normal and pathological oscillatory communication in the brain'. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 6 (4): 285–296. doi:10.1038/nrn1650. PMID15803160.
- ^Buszaki G (2006). Rhythms of the brain. Oxford University Press.
- ^Nyhus, E; Curran T (June 2010). 'Functional role of gamma and theta oscillations in episodic memory'. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 34 (7): 1023–1035. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.014. PMC2856712. PMID20060015.
- ^Rutishauser U, Ross IB, Mamelak AN, Schuman EM (2010). 'Human memory strength is predicted by theta-frequency phase-locking of single neurons'(PDF). Nature. 464 (7290): 903–907. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..903R. doi:10.1038/nature08860. PMID20336071.
- ^Néda Z, Ravasz E, Brechet Y, Vicsek T, Barabsi AL (2000). 'Self-organizing process: The sound of many hands clapping'. Nature. 403 (6772): 849–850. arXiv:cond-mat/0003001. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..849N. doi:10.1038/35002660. PMID10706271.
- ^Pantaleone J (2002). 'Synchronization of Metronomes'. American Journal of Physics. 70 (10): 992–1000. Bibcode:2002AmJPh..70..992P. doi:10.1119/1.1501118.
- ^Bennett, M., Schatz, M. F., Rockwood, H., and Wiesenfeld, K., Huygens's clocks. Proceedings: Mathematics, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2002, pp563-579.
- ^Will, U., and Berg, E., 'Brainwave synchronization and entrainment to periodic stimuli' Neuroscience Letters, Vol. 424, 2007, pp 55–60.
- ^Cade, G. M. and Coxhead, F., The awakened mind, biofeedback and the development of higher states of awareness. New York, NY: Delacorte Press, 1979.
- ^Neher, A., 'Auditory driving observed with scalp electrodes in normal subjects. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 13, 1961, pp 449–451.
- ^Zakharova, N. N., and Avdeev, V. M., 'Functional changes in the central nervous system during music perception. Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni IP Pavlova Vol. 32, No. 5, 1981, pp 915-924.
Further reading[edit]
- Will U, Berg E (31 August 2007). 'Brain wave synchronization and entrainment to periodic acoustic stimuli'. Neuroscience Letters. 424 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.036. PMID17709189.
- Kitajo, K.; Hanakawa, T.; Ilmoniemi, R.J.; Miniussi, C. (2015). Manipulative approaches to human brain dynamics. Frontiers Research Topics. Frontiers Media SA. p. 165. ISBN978-2-88919-479-7.
- Thaut, M. H., Rhythm, Music, and the Brain: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Applications (Studies on New Music Research). New York, NY: Routledge, 2005.
- Berger, J. and Turow, G. (Eds.), Music, Science, and the Rhythmic Brain : Cultural and Clinical Implications. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011.
Brainwave Entrainment Programs
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brainwave_entrainment&oldid=960711566'
Brainwave entrainment is the practice of entraining one's brainwaves to a desired frequency, by means of a periodic stimulus with corresponding frequency. The stimulus can be aural as in the case of binaural or monaural beats and isochronic tones, visual as with a dreamachine, a combination of the two as with a mind machine, or even electrical or magnetic stimulation. The software intended to be used solely for brainwave entrainment comprise only a fraction of all of the software that can be used for brainwave entrainment.
General[edit]
Brainwave Entrainment Mac Software With Background Message Free
Software | Version | Operating systems | Developer | License |
---|---|---|---|---|
BeeOne SMOD/HMS | 3.1 | Windows | Hemi-Synths Explorers | Proprietary |
Binaural Beethoven | 3.1.4 | iOS | Tomáš Baculák | Proprietary |
Brain Equalizer | 3.7.0 | iOS | Tomáš Baculák | Proprietary |
BrainWave Generator | 3.1 | Windows | Noromaa Solutions Oy. | Proprietary |
Gnaural | 1.0.20100707 | FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows | gnaural | GPL |
BrainIgniter Player | 6.0 | Windows | Volition | Proprietary |
Neuro Entrainment | 2.0 | Android | Tensai | Proprietary |
Neuro-Programmer 3 | 3.0.9.0 | Windows | Transparent Corp. | Proprietary |
Mind WorkStation | 1.2.2.0 | Windows | Transparent Corp. | Proprietary |
SBaGen | 1.4.4 | DOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, WinCE | Uazu | GPL |
Brainwave Studio | 1.5 | Mac OS X, iOS | RCS Software | Proprietary |
Discord | 3.2.1 | Linux | Stan Lysiak | GPL |
Isochronic Tone Generator | 1.8 | iOS | CMLStudio | Proprietary |
Lux VST Brainwave Entrainment Instrument | 1.1 | Windows | Steve Duell | GPL |
Neuro Sequencer Pro | 1.7 | Windows | isone | Proprietary |
SHARM Studio 5 | 5.3.5 | Windows | CyberTeam Ltd. | Proprietary |
Stimuli/Methods[edit]
Software | Isochronic tones | Monaural beats | Binaural beats | Photic |
---|---|---|---|---|
BeeOne SMOD/HMS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Binaural Beethoven | No | No | Yes | No |
Brain Equalizer | No | No | Yes | ? |
BrainWave Generator | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Gnaural | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
BrainIgniter Player | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Neuro Entrainment | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Neuro-Programmer 3 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mind WorkStation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
SBaGen | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Brainwave Studio | Yes | No | No | No |
Discord | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Isochronic Tone Generator | Yes | No | No | No |
Lux VST Brainwave Entrainment Instrument | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Neuro Sequencer Pro | Yes | No | Yes | No |
SHARM Studio 5 | Yes (wide, narrow) | Yes | Yes | No |
Features[edit]
Software | Networkable | Headphone-free sessions | Background noise | Embed audio (sounds, music, hypnosis) | Volume modulation for embedded audio | Export as sound file | User-created sessions | Pre-made sessions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BeeOne SMOD/HMS | Yes (via VST) | Yes | Yes (via VST) | Yes (via VST) | Yes (via VST) | Yes (via VST) | Yes | No |
Brain Equalizer | No | Yes | No | Yes (iPod or any sound app) | No | No | Yes | No |
Binaural Beethoven | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (iPod or any sound app) | No | No | No | Yes |
BrainWave Generator | No | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes | No | Yes (WAV) | Yes | Yes |
Gnaural | Yes | Yes | Yes (pink) | Yes | Yes | Yes (OGG, MP3, WAV) | Yes | Yes |
BrainIgniter Player | No | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes | Yes | Yes (MP3) | No | Yes |
Neuro Entrainment | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Neuro-Programmer 3 | No | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes | Yes | Yes (OGG, MP3 WAV) | Yes | Yes |
Mind WorkStation | Yes (with plugins) | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes | Yes | Yes (OGG, MP3 WAV) | Yes | Yes |
SBaGen | No | No | Yes (pink) | Yes (WAV, raw audio, OGG, MP3) | No | Yes (WAV, raw audio) | Yes | Yes |
Brainwave Studio | No | Yes | Yes (white) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Discord | No | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes (WAV, raw audio, OGG, FLAC) | Yes | Yes (WAV, raw audio, OGG, FLAC) | Yes | Yes |
Isochronic Tone Generator | No | Yes | No | Yes (iPod or any sound app) | Yes | No | Yes (in real time) | Yes |
Lux VST Brainwave Entrainment Instrument | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (through DAW) | Yes | Yes |
Neuro Sequencer Pro | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (MP3, M4A, WAV) | Yes | Yes |
SHARM Studio 5 | No | Yes | Yes (white, pink and brown) | Yes (WAV, OGG, MP3) | Yes | Yes (WAV, OGG, MP3) | Yes | Yes |
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- Virtual Light & Sound Machine Psychologist simulates visual brainwave entrainment using flashes on computer monitor.
- 'A Comprehensive Review of the Psychological Effects of Brainwave Entrainment' By Dr. Tina Huang - Published in Alternative Therapies Vol. 14 No. 5
Audio Brainwave Entrainment
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